1. Image Sensor: The image sensor captures visual information and converts it into an electronic signal.

2. Resolution: The resolution refers to the level of detail and clarity in the captured images. Higher resolutions provide sharper and clearer footage.

3. Lens: The camera lens focuses the incoming light onto the image sensor. Different lens types, such as fixed or varifocal lenses, offer varying degrees of zoom and focus capabilities.

4. Infrared LEDs: Many CCTV cameras are equipped with infrared LEDs to provide visibility in low-light or no-light conditions. These LEDs emit infrared light, which is not typically visible to the human eye, but can be detected by the camera.

5. Field of View: The field of view (FOV) determines the extent of the area that the camera can cover. Wide-angle lenses offer a broader FOV, while narrow-angle lenses provide a more focused view.